Master the Top 5 Essential JavaScript Design Patterns Every Developer Should Know
1. Singleton Pattern What is it? A design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to a single instance. When was it created? Introduced as part of the GoF (Gang of Four) design patterns in 1994. Node.js Support: All versions of Node.js. Why use it? Prevents multiple instances and manages global state efficiently. Best […]
A design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to a single instance.
When was it created?
Introduced as part of the GoF (Gang of Four) design patterns in 1994.
Node.js Support:
All versions of Node.js.
Why use it?
Prevents multiple instances and manages global state efficiently.
Best Practices:
• Use it for shared configurations or resource-heavy classes.
Example:
class Singleton {
static instance;
constructor() {
if (!Singleton.instance) {
Singleton.instance = this;
}
return Singleton.instance;
}
}
const singletonA = new Singleton();
const singletonB = new Singleton();
console.log(singletonA === singletonB); // true
Pros:
• Global access point.
• Easy to manage shared state.
Cons:
• Harder to test and refactor due to global reliance.
2. Factory Pattern
What is it?
Encapsulates object creation logic, returning objects from a shared interface.
When was it created?
Another GoF pattern from the 1990s.
Node.js Support:
Supported across all versions.
Why use it?
Simplifies complex object creation.
Best Practices:
• Useful when dealing with large-scale applications needing multiple object types.
Example:
class Car {
constructor(model) { this.model = model; }
}
class CarFactory {
createCar(type) {
switch(type) {
case 'sedan': return new Car('Sedan');
case 'suv': return new Car('SUV');
default: return null;
}
}
}
const factory = new CarFactory();
const sedan = factory.createCar('sedan');
console.log(sedan.model); // 'Sedan'
Pros:
• Encapsulates object creation logic.
• Supports easy object extension.
Cons:
• Overhead for simple objects.
3. Observer Pattern
What is it?
Allows one object (subject) to notify observers about state changes.
When was it created?
First formalized in the 1970s; adopted into JS in event-driven systems.
Node.js Support:
Supported by event-driven architecture.
Why use it?
Ideal for decoupling objects in event-based systems.
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